All-important convention for UGC Net aspirants.
Environmental Conventions
Ramsar Convention
It is called the Convention on Wetlands. It was adopted in the city of Iran, Ramsar in 1971 and It came into force in 1975.
The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) is an inter- governmental treaty whose mission is “the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local, regional and national actions and international cooperation, as a contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world”.
Stockholm Convention
It is a convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)It was adopted in 2001 in Geneva, Switzerland.
It came into force in 2004.
CITES
It is a convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. It was adopted in 1963.It came into force in 1975.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
It is a convention for the conservation of biological diversity.It was adopted in 1992 and It came into force in 1993.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has three main objectives: the conservation of biological diversity; the sustainable use of the components of biological diversity; an the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
Bonn Convention
It is a convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. It was adopted in 1979 and It came into force in 1983.
Vienna Convention.
It is a convention for the Protection of Ozone Layer.
It was adopted in 1985.It came into force in 1988.
Montreal Protocol
It is an international environment protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer.It was adopted in 1987 and It came into force in 1989.
Kyoto Protocol
It is an international protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
It was adopted in 1997 and It came into force in 2005.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
It is an international environmental treaty governing actions to combat climate change through adaptation and mitigation efforts directed at control of emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) that cause global warming.
It was adopted in 1992 and it came into force in 1994.
Rio Summit
It is a United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. It was held in 1992 at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
UNCCD
It is a United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
It was adopted in 1994 and it came into force in 1996.
Basel Convention.
It is a convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal.It was adopted in 1989 and It came into force in 1992.
Cartagena Protocol
It is an international environmental protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
It was adopted in 2000 and It came into force in 2003.
Nagoya Protocol
It is an international environment protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).It was adopted in 2010.
It came into force in 2014.
Minamata Convention.
It is an international environmental treaty intended to protect health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury.It was adopted in 2013.
It came into force in 2017.
Rotterdam Convention
It is an international environmental convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. It was adopted in 1998, and it came into force in 2004.
Written by Pooja Singh
